2. Identify various sending and receiving devices.
3. Describe uses of computer communications.
4. List advantages of using a network.
5. Differentiate among client/server, peer-to-peer, and P2P networks.
6. Describe the various network communications standards.
7. Explain the purpose of communications software.
8. Describe various types of lines for communications over the telephone network.
9. Describe commonly used communications devices.
10. Discuss different ways to set up a home network.
11. Identify various physical and wireless transmission media.
ANSWERS:
1. Components for successful communications:
Communication is a process wherein two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions and information throught the use of Sending device which initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions or information, a Communication device which converts or formats the data, instructions or information from the sending device into signals carried by a Communication channel or path on which the signals travel. Also required are a communications device that receives signals from the Communications channel that connects the communication channel to the receiving device and converts or formats them so the Receiving device can understand the signals and that accepts transmission of data, instructions or information
2. Sending Devices and Receiving Devices:
3.) Uses of Computer Communications:
3.) Uses of Computer Communications:
1. Voicemail - is voice message converted to digital form it allows callers to leave a voice message for the called party
2. Collaboration - is working with other users connected to a server
3. Groupware - is software that allows people work together and share information
4. Global positioning system,(GPS) a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine receiver’s geographic location
5. Fax - is a document transmitted and received over telephone lines it contain handwritten or typed text, illustrations, photographs, or other graphics and can send or receive a fax using a stand-alone fax machine or a computer fax modem
5.) Client/ Server - One or more computers act as a host computer and other computers access the host computer.
Peer-to-Peer - is a simple network that connects fewer than 10 computers each computers has equal capabilities.
A dial-up modem - converts digital signals to analog signals and vice versa and usually in the form of an adapter card
ISDN and DSL modems - Communications devices that send and
receive digital ISDN and DSL signal.
Cable modems - Sends and receives data over cable television network much faster than dial-up modem or ISDN sometimes called a broadband modem
Wireless modems - Allows access to the Web wirelessly from a notebook computer, a PDA, a smart phone, or other mobile device Typically use the same waves used by cellular telephones
2. Collaboration - is working with other users connected to a server
3. Groupware - is software that allows people work together and share information
4. Global positioning system,(GPS) a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine receiver’s geographic location
5. Fax - is a document transmitted and received over telephone lines it contain handwritten or typed text, illustrations, photographs, or other graphics and can send or receive a fax using a stand-alone fax machine or a computer fax modem
6. Email - is the exchange of text messages and computer files transmitted via a communications network
7. Instant Messaging (IM) - is a real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and then allows you to exchange messages or files with them or join a private chat room.
8. Chat rooms - permits users to converse in real time with each other via the computer while connected to the Internet wherein you can experience a live conversation.
9. Newsgroup - is an area on the Web where users conduct written discussions about a particular subject.
9. Newsgroup - is an area on the Web where users conduct written discussions about a particular subject.
10. Internet telephony - enables you to talk to other people over the Internet of one or more called parties
11. Videoconferencing - it involves using video and computer technology to conduct a meeting between participants at two or more geographically separate locations with microphones, speakers, video cameras, and communications devices and software
12. Other Conferencing systems -
1.) Web conference - is conferencing system that uses the Internet, Web browsers, and Web servers to deliver this service
2.) Video telephone call - used by home users to see each other as they talk on the Internet
4.) Advantages in using a network
5.) Client/ Server - One or more computers act as a host computer and other computers access the host computer.
Peer-to-Peer - is a simple network that connects fewer than 10 computers each computers has equal capabilities.
P2P Network - enables users to connect to each other's hard disks and exchange files directly, and sometimes called a file sharing networks.
6.) Various Network Communications Standards:
1. Ethernet - is a technology that allows computers to contend for access to network
2. Token ring - is a technology that controls access to network by requiring devices to pass a special signal called Token
3. TCP/IP - (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) - is a technology that transmits data by breaking it up into small pieces or packets.
4. 802.11 - is a family of standards for Wireless LAN's
5. Bluetooth - is a short -range radio waves transmit data between Bluetooth devices and it contains a small chip to communicate with each other
6. WAB - is a specification allows data to be transferred wirelessly via short-range radio waves.
7. IrDA - specification that allows data to be transferred wirelessly via infrared light waves.
8. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) - users radio signals to communicate with tag placed in an object.
9. WiMAX - is a standard that specifies how wireless devices communicate over the air in a wide area
7. Explain the purpose of communications software.
a. Programs that help users manage transmission of data, instructions, and information
b. Programs that help users establish connection to Internet, other network,
or another computer
or another computer
c. Programs that help users establish connection to Internet, other network,
or another computer
or another computer
8. Describe various types of lines for communications over the telephone network:
- Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) - Worldwide telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls
- Dial-up line – is a temporary connection using telephone line for communications
ü Costs no more than making regular call
ü Computers at any two locations can establish a connection using modems and telephone network
- Dedicated line - Always-on connection between two communications devices Five types are ISDN line, DSL, FTTH and FTTB, T-carrier line, and ATM
A dial-up modem - converts digital signals to analog signals and vice versa and usually in the form of an adapter card
ISDN and DSL modems - Communications devices that send and
receive digital ISDN and DSL signal.
Cable modems - Sends and receives data over cable television network much faster than dial-up modem or ISDN sometimes called a broadband modem
Wireless modems - Allows access to the Web wirelessly from a notebook computer, a PDA, a smart phone, or other mobile device Typically use the same waves used by cellular telephones
Router - device that connects computers and transmits data to correct destination on network and internet using fastest available path some have a built-in hardware firewall.
Hub or Switch - device that provides central point for cables in network
10. Ways to set up home networks:
To set up a home network that is wired, you will need to have a network card in each computer, a router, and enough cables to connect them all. You will also need the documentation that came with your router.
Step 1 - Connect the cable from your internet modem to the port on the router labeled either uplink, or internet in most cases.
Step 2 - Connect the first computer to anyone of the other ports.
Step 3 - Log into your router refer to the information that came with your router. This is usually done by entering 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 into your address bar. Your documentation will tell you which one.
Step 4 - Enter the username and password that is instructed by your router documentation.
Step 5 - You should now be in the router setup. Enter all the information for internet, you will need the protocol, PPPoE in this case, the username and password from your internet service provider. Click on Save when done.
11. Physical and wireless transmission media.
1. Twisted-pair cable - is used for telephone systems and network cabling.
2. Coxial cable - is often used for cable television wiring.
3. Fiber-optic cable - capable of carrying significantly more data at faster speeds than wire cables, it is less susceptible to intertference noise and therefore more secure it is also smaller, thinner and lighter in size
4. Radio broadcast - distributes radio signals over long and short distances.
5. Cellular radio - is a form of broadcast radio used for mobile communications
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